Which theorist proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, including nine distinct intelligences?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Howard Gardner
• C. Lev Vygotsky
• D. B.F. Skinner

Answer: (B)

The question tests your knowledge of who introduced the idea that intelligence isn’t just one thing but a collection of distinct abilities. Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, arguing that people show strengths in different domains. The framework highlights several areas—linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist—with a ninth, existential, sometimes discussed in later discussions. This approach helps explain why learners excel in diverse ways and why a single IQ score might miss talents in art, music, or social understanding. Other well-known theories come from Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and B.F. Skinner, who focused on cognitive development stages, social learning and the zone of proximal development, and behaviorist learning, respectively, rather than a set of distinct intelligences.